The main stages of ovulation are

Follicular Phase: This stage begins with the activation of follicles in the ovaries under the influence of hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The follicles begin to develop and produce estrogens, which causes the dog’s body to prepare for ovulation.

Luteinizing Phase: Under the influence of peak levels of LH (luteinizing hormone), the release of a mature egg from the follicle occurs. This event is the point of ovulation, after which the egg is ready to be fertilized.

Postovulatory Phase: After ovulation, the corpus luteum is formed, which produces progesterone, which is necessary to sustain pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum is destroyed and a new reproductive cycle begins.

Factors that influence ovulation

Hormonal balance: The levels of hormones such as estrogens, FSH and LH play a key role in regulating ovulation in dogs. Disruptions in hormone balance can lead to ovulation problems.

Sexual activity: A dog’s sexual activity can affect his reproductive cycle and the timing of ovulation. Ovulation usually occurs during or just after a period of sexual arousal.

Age: In dogs, as in other animals, age can affect the regularity and quality of ovulation. In aging bitches, ovulation may become less regular.

Nutrition and Health: A dog’s proper nutrition and overall health play an important role in regulating the reproductive cycle and ovulation. Nutritional deficiencies or the presence of disease can lead to ovulation disorders.

Genetic Factors: Some breeds of dogs may be more prone to ovulation problems due to genetic traits.

Understanding the key milestones and factors that affect ovulation in dogs will help owners and veterinarians effectively plan breeding and manage their pet’s reproductive health.

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Diagnosis

Clinical examination and history: It is important to gather a complete history and analyze clinical manifestations that may indicate abnormalities in the reproductive system.

Laboratory tests: Measuring the levels of various hormones (e.g., estrogen, progesterone) in the blood can help evaluate the condition of the reproductive system.

Ultrasound: Ultrasound can help detect structural abnormalities in the reproductive system, such as ovarian cysts or changes in the structure of the uterus.

Progesterone test: Used to determine if ovulation is present in cats.

Treatment

Hormone therapy: After diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe hormone therapy to restore normal hormone levels in the cat’s body. This may include the use of estrogen and progesterone medications.

Surgical treatment: In cases where structural abnormalities such as ovarian cysts or other tumors are identified, surgery may be required.

Diet and lifestyle control: Some hormonal disorders may be associated with being overweight or not eating properly. Proper nutrition and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help in restoring feline fertility.

It is important to note that treatment of hormonal disorders in cats should be supervised by a veterinarian who will be able to choose the best treatment strategy for each individual case. Regular visits to the doctor and following the recommendations will help restore your cat’s reproductive health.

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